Is it necessary to calibrate the sensor module during the production of the smoke detector? If so, this comparison must be carried out with a defined smoke concentration, or a comparison without smoke is possible?

Each smoke detector IC (ADPD188BI) is calibrated before leaving the factory floor, so you shouldn't need to calibrate your smoke sensor during the production of the smoke detector.

As I know ADI calibration of the sensor is just compensation of the drift between sensors. Sensitivity calibration depends on the manufacturer itself because trigger levels could have a wide range - higher than 0.05db/m up to 0.25-0.3dB/m for example. ADPD188BI is just a sensor but not a detector and you still need a MCU to implement algorithms for detection, slow developing fire, contamination level control, comm protocol...