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Issue with Output Frequency in Down Converter Custom Design

Thread Summary

The user is experiencing unexpected peaks at the RF and LO input frequencies (14 GHz and 15 GHz) instead of the expected 1 GHz intermediate frequency (IF) in a custom design using the LTC5552. The final answer suggests potential issues with LO-to-IF and RF-to-IF leakage and provides a series of questions to diagnose the problem, including checking VCC, ground connections, supply current, and input/output configurations.

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Category: Hardware
Product Number: LTC5552

Dear Team

We have developed a custom design utilizing the LTC5552, with an RF input at 14 GHz and an LO input at 15 GHz. The expected output is around 1 GHz in differential mode (i.e., IF+ and IF-).

However, instead of observing the expected 1 GHz intermediate frequency, we are receiving peaks at both the 14 GHz and 15 GHz frequencies, with corresponding power levels.

Could you please provide insights or suggestions on what might be causing this discrepancy? Any guidance on potential misconfigurations or troubleshooting steps would be greatly appreciated.

Best regards,
Purna

  • It looks like you are getting excessive LO-to -IF and RF-to-IF leakage. I have a number of questions that may help to figure out what is going on.

    1. Are you getting these results on your board or on the customer evaluation board?
    2. Do you have a customer evaluation board on hand to try and repeat the set-up on that board.
    3. I assume that VCC is connected to 3.3V and that all of the ground pins are connected to ground. Is that correct?
    4. Are you able to observe or measure the supply current? It should be around 130mA. What value do you measure.
    5. Are you able to disable the device and observe the current drop to <<1mA.
    6. What are the power levels on the RF and LO inputs?
    7. Is the LO port ac-coupled?
    8. Is the RF port dc-coupled?
    9. How are the IF outputs configured? Are you observing the two single ended signals (which each have an output resistance of 25 ohms) or are you observing the combined single-ended level through a 1:1 balun?
    10. What power levels are you observing at the IF output at the LO freq, at the RF freq and at the IF freq?

       

      Eamon 

  • 1. Are you getting these results on your board or on the customer evaluation board?
    Custom made Board
    2. Do you have a customer evaluation board on hand to try and repeat the set-up on that board?

    → yes we tried on customized board


    3. I assume that VCC is connected to 3.3V and that all of the ground pins are connected to ground. Is that correct?

    → Yes, VCC is connected to 3.3V, and all ground pins are properly tied to ground.


    4. Are you able to observe or measure the supply current? It should be around 130mA. What value do you measure?
    5. Are you able to disable the device and observe the current drop to <<1mA?

    → Since the board is fully assembled, we currently cannot directly measure supply current. However, we’ve attached the schematic for your reference.


    6. What are the power levels on the RF and LO inputs?

    • RF Input @ 14 GHz: −52 dBm

    • LO Input @ 15 GHz: −50 dBm


    7. Is the LO port ac-coupled?
    8. Is the RF port dc-coupled?

    → We have filters placed on both the LO and RF ports and not connected any AC & DC Couple.


    9. How are the IF outputs configured? Are you observing the two single-ended signals (each with an output resistance of 25 ohms) or are you observing the combined single-ended level through a 1:1 balun?

    →  IF signal connected to the filters(differential pairs)


    10. What power levels are you observing at the IF output at the LO frequency, at the RF frequency, and at the IF frequency?

    →  14 and 15GHz  -46 and -58 dBm






    After C82: (two peaks are appeared)

    14GHz -56dBm
    15GHz -36dBm

    IF + (two peaks are appeared)

    15GHz -46dBm
    14GHz -48dBm

    IF - (two peaks are appeared)

    15GHz -50dBm
    14GHz -50dBm



  • There are a number of issues that I see with you circuit. The specified LO power that needs to be applied to the mixer is 0 dBm. The mixer is still specified to operate at input powers down to -6 dBm but the level you are applying is far two low. My guess is that this is the main issue. I was able to find a spec sheet for some of the filters you are using but not all. I'm assuming that FL3 and FL4 are both 15 GHz band pass filters. If you are targeting to apply 0 dBm to the LO pin of the mixer, you need to apply extra input power at LO_IN_0 to make up for the insertion losses of these filters. 

    At the IF outputs you have two filters side-by-side. The differential output resistance of the IF output pins is 50 ohms. That means that each IF output leg as a single ended output resistance of 25 ohms. If your filters are 50 ohm filters (I could not find a spec sheet for the), there will be a mismatch between the mixer output and the filter input, resulting in additional power loss. 

    Assuming that you get the LO drive up to the required level, if the LO is 15 GHz and the RF is 14 GHz/-50 dBm, I would expect and output power at each IF port of -13 dBm (i.e. 10 dB of conversion loss in the mixer, then the power gets split evenly between the two IF outputs). 

    So as a next step, please turn up the LO power and see if the circuit starts working better.

    Best Regards

    Eamon