When writing to the DS1744 every 5 to 10 minutes, is there any effect on battery life when connected to external Vcc?
There is no wear-out condition on SRAM, so you can write it as many times as you’d like. Because the DS1744 must be on VCC power (VCC>VPF) in order to read/write, the battery is not at all affected by reads/writes, regardless of the frequency of communication/activity.