No, there is no built in reverse-battery protection in this part. Any negative voltage below -0.3V will likely damage the input pin. You would need an external diode to clamp a negative voltage and prevent damage.
MAX17222
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The MAX17220–MAX17225 is a family of ultra-low quiescent current boost (step-up) DC-DC converters with a 225mA/0.5A/1A peak inductor current limit and...
Datasheet
MAX17222 on Analog.com
No, there is no built in reverse-battery protection in this part. Any negative voltage below -0.3V will likely damage the input pin. You would need an external diode to clamp a negative voltage and prevent damage.