Yes, the MAX17525 can withstand a 60V surge between VIN and GND per the absolute maximum ratings section and EC table in the datasheet. However, the MAX17525 has an internal charge pump that controls the internal N-FET that is used to provide the various protection functions. Therefore, the maximum allowable voltage that can be passed through the device is limited to 40V. A description of this is in the datasheet, Page 12:
"The device features the option to set the overvoltagelockout (OVLO) and undervoltage-lockout (UVLO) thresholds manually using external voltage-dividers or to use the factory-preset internal thresholds by connecting the OVLO and/or UVLO pin(s) to GND. The permitted external overvoltage setting range of the device is 6V to 40V. Therefore, the pFET and internal nFET must be kept off in the 40V to 60V range by appropriate OVLO resistordivider."
So, yes 60V can be withstood, but the system will be turned off above 40V due to the OVLO requirement.