Q: Does the 5V regulator on the MAX22195 have any overcurrent/overvoltage protections?
A: There is no internal protection on the regulator. the thermal shutdown can protect the chip to some extent in an overcurrent situation. When excessive current is drawn from LDO output, the chip junction temperature will rise. Once it reaches 165°C, the thermal shutdown triggers. During the thermal shutdown, the internal LDO, input channels, REFDI circuitry are all turned off. This can protect the chip from overcurrent situations.
However, the MAX22195 does not have an integrated overvoltage protection. It is recommended to put external TVS on the VDD24 to protect it from high voltage transients, if these are expected in the application. You can also put an external Zener on VDD3 if this supply is used and overvoltage is a concern on this pin.