2011-08-05 16:24:30 having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

David Anderson (UNITED STATES)

Message: 102843

I'm trying to write a kernel image to NAND flash and I am running into a few problems. In uboot I have no problem erasing the NAND flash and then writing the kernel image to it then reading it and then having linux boot from the NAND flash. However, I would like to be able to do the same thing after booting into linux.

I've tried a few different ways of doing this, including the cp, dd, and nandwrite commands. When I erase the NAND flash and use the cp command like so:

cp uImage /dev/mtd0

I get the following error:

nand_do_write_ops: Attempt to write not page aligned data

cp: write error: Invalid Argument

I've also tried the dd command which doesn't give me an error, but it doesn't seem to do what I need it to do:

dd if=mnt/tftpboot/uImage of=dev/mtdblock0

7659+1 records in

7659+1 records out

And the last thing I've tried was the nandwrite command which I thought would definitely work, but I get an error similar to when I use the cp command:

nandwrite /dev/mtd0 uImage

Unknown flash (not normal NAND)

I've looked through the source code for the nandwrite command and it seems like this error again has something to do with the not page aligned data, but I can not figure out how to fix this issue. I've searched all over for a solution and have found some old threads with people who have tried to do the same thing, but none of the solutions have helped thus far. Does anyone have any idea what the problem could be and how to fix it.

Thanks,

Dave

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2011-08-07 22:29:07 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

Aaron Wu (CHINA)

Message: 102849

You need to check your MTD partition definition in the board file to make sure your NAND is really mapped to /dev/mtdblock0.

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2011-08-07 23:24:08 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

Sonic Zhang (CHINA)

Message: 102850

please paste your kernel boot up mtd messages here.

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2011-08-07 23:27:02 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

Sonic Zhang (CHINA)

Message: 102851

Which hardware board and uClinux-dist release do you use?

How do you connect the NAND to your board?

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2011-08-08 13:45:55 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

David Anderson (UNITED STATES)

Message: 102855

I'm using a custom board with a custom uClinux-dist. Another thing worth mentioning is that the nandtest command works fine, so I'm a little confused as to why that would work, but the nandwrite would not.

Here is the U-boot and kernel startup:

U-Boot 2011.06 (ADI-2011R1-pre) (Aug 01 2011 - 11:13:46)

CPU: ADSP bf537-0.3 (Detected Rev: 0.3) (spi flash boot)

Board: **** BF537 **** board

Clock: VCO: 524.288 MHz, Core: 524.288 MHz, System: 131.072 MHz

RAM: 64 MiB

NAND: ONFI flash detected

ONFI param page 0 valid

nand_get_flash_type: unknown NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xf8, Chip ID: 0xf8

No NAND device found!!!

2048 MiB

SF: Detected SST25VF064C with page size 4 KiB, total 8 MiB

In: serial

Out: serial

Err: serial

KGDB: [on serial] ready

Net: Switch 88E6060 rev 2.

bfin_mac

Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0

Loading from NAND 2GiB, offset 0x0

NAND read from offset 0 failed -74

** Read error

Wrong Image Format for bootm command

ERROR: can't get kernel image!

bfin> run ramboot

Using bfin_mac device

TFTP from server 10.1.1.17; our IP address is 10.1.7.1

Filename 'uImage’.

Load address: 0x1000000

Loading: #################################################################

#################################################################

########

done

Bytes transferred = 3929685 (3bf655 hex)

## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 01000000 ...

Image Name: bf537-2.6.34.7-ADI-2010R1-svn203

Created: 2011-08-04 20:19:30 UTC

Image Type: Blackfin Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)

Data Size: 3929621 Bytes = 3.7 MiB

Load Address: 00001000

Entry Point: 002435b4

Verifying Checksum ... OK

Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK

Starting Kernel at = 002435b4

Linux version 2.6.34.7-ADI-2010R1-svn203 (root@buffalo) (gcc version 4.3.5 (ADI-2010R1-RC4) ) #6 PREEMPT Thu Aug 4 16:11

bootconsole [early_shadow0] enabled

bootconsole [early_BFuart0] enabled

early printk enabled on early_BFuart0

Board Memory: 64MB

Kernel Managed Memory: 64MB

Memory map:

fixedcode = 0x00000400-0x00000490

text = 0x00001000-0x00192fd8

rodata = 0x00192fd8-0x0020d720

bss = 0x0020e000-0x00221be0

data = 0x00221be0-0x00238000

stack = 0x00236000-0x00238000

init = 0x00238000-0x00730000

available = 0x00730000-0x03e00000

DMA Zone = 0x03e00000-0x04000000

Hardware Trace Active and Enabled

Boot Mode: 3

Reset caused by Software reset

Compiled for ADSP-BF537 Rev 0.3

Blackfin Linux support by blackfin.uclinux.org/

Processor Speed: 524 MHz core clock and 131 MHz System Clock

NOMPU: setting up cplb tables

Instruction Cache Enabled for CPU0

External memory: cacheable in instruction cache

Data Cache Enabled for CPU0

External memory: cacheable (write-back) in data cache

Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping off. Total pages: 15748

Kernel command line: root=/dev/mtdblock0 rw clkin_hz=16384000 earlyprintk=serial,uart0,57600 console=ttyBF0,57600 ip=10f

PID hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes)

Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)

Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

Memory available: 55560k/65536k RAM, (5088k init code, 1607k kernel code, 661k data, 2048k dma, 572k reserved)

Hierarchical RCU implementation.

NR_IRQS:138

Configuring Blackfin Priority Driven Interrupts

console [ttyBF0] enabled, bootconsole disabled

Calibrating delay loop... 1044.48 BogoMIPS (lpj=2088960)

Security Framework initialized

Mount-cache hash table entries: 512

Blackfin Scratchpad data SRAM: 4 KB

Blackfin L1 Data A SRAM: 16 KB (15 KB free)

Blackfin L1 Data B SRAM: 16 KB (16 KB free)

Blackfin L1 Instruction SRAM: 48 KB (33 KB free)

NET: Registered protocol family 16

Blackfin DMA Controller

stamp_init(): registering device resources

bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0

bfin-spi bfin-spi.0: Blackfin on-chip SPI Controller Driver, Version 1.0, regs_base@ffc00500, dma channel@7

usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs

usbcore: registered new interface driver hub

usbcore: registered new device driver usb

i2c-bfin-twi i2c-bfin-twi.0: Blackfin BF5xx on-chip I2C TWI Contoller, regs_base@ffc01400

Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.22.1.

Switching to clocksource bfin_cs_cycles

NET: Registered protocol family 2

IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)

TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)

TCP reno registered

UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

NET: Registered protocol family 1

msgmni has been set to 108

io scheduler noop registered

io scheduler cfq registered (default)

mtty_init

dma_alloc_init: dma_page @ 0x0269a000 - 512 pages at 0x03e00000

mtty_serial.tx_circ_buf: ptr=0x3e00000,len=0x14000,wridx=0x0,rdidx=0x0,isfull=0x0

mtty_serial.rx_circ_buf: ptr=0x3e14010,len=0x14000,wridx=0x0,rdidx=0x0,isfull=0x0

bfin-uart: Blackfin serial driver

bfin-uart.0: ttyBF0 at MMIO 0xffc00400 (irq = 18) is a BFIN-UART

brd: module loaded

ONFI flash detected

ONFI param page 0 valid

NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0x2c, Chip ID: 0x48 (Micron MT29F16G08ABACAWP)

Scanning device for bad blocks

Bad eraseblock 90 at 0x000002d00000

Bad eraseblock 91 at 0x000002d80000

RedBoot partition parsing not available

Creating 2 MTD partitions on "gen_nand":

0x000000000000-0x000000400000 : "linux kernel(nand)"

0x000000400000-0x000080000000 : "file system(nand)"

PPP generic driver version 2.4.2

bfin_mii_bus: probed

bfin_mac: attached PHY driver [Generic PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=0:04, irq=-1, mdc_clk=2500000Hz(mdc_div=25)@sclk=131MHz)

bfin_mac bfin_mac.0: Blackfin on-chip Ethernet MAC driver, Version 1.1

usbcore: registered new interface driver libusual

usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial

USB Serial support registered for generic

usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic

usbserial: USB Serial Driver core

i2c /dev entries driver

bfin-wdt: initialized: timeout=20 sec (nowayout=1)

##### audio_init invoked ########

Audio interface

Initializing aud_dev instance=0, aud_dev=0xff800000

bfin-spiaudio: bf5xx_spiaudio_init

soc_spiaudio_probe invoked !!!

bfin-spiaudio: bf5xx_probe

dma rx:5 tx:6, err irq:46, regs:ffc00900

spiaudio: Legerity FXS Codec 0.0

spiaudio_spi_probe invoked

spiaudio_init invoked

bfin-spiaudio: bf5xx_spiaudio_init_dev

register_codec_device -- invoked codec_handle=0x205d080, num=0 ,codec_id=13

register_sport_device -- invoked sport_dev=0x26ad0e0, num=0

starting SPORT PCLK for SPORT=0

start_sport_pclk() - sclk: 00000083

leaving bf5xx_spiaudio_init_dev

ALSA device list:

No soundcards found.

TCP cubic registered

NET: Registered protocol family 17

IP-Config: Gateway not on directly connected network.

Freeing unused kernel memory: 5088k freed

_____________________________________

a8888b. / Welcome to the uClinux distribution \

d888888b. / _ _ \

8P"YP"Y88 / | | |_| __ __ (TM) |

8|o||o|88 _____/ | | _ ____ _ _ \ \/ / |

8' .88 \ | | | | _ \| | | | \ / |

8`._.' Y8. \ | |__ | | | | | |_| | / \ |

d/ `8b. \ \____||_|_| |_|\____|/_/\_\ |

dP . Y8b. \ For embedded processors including |

d8:' " `::88b \ the Analog Devices Blackfin /

d8" 'Y88b \___________________________________/

:8P ' :888

8a. : _a88P For further information, check out:

._/"Yaa_: .| 88P| - blackfin.uclinux.org/

\ YP" `| 8P `. - docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/

/ \.___.d| .' - www.uclinux.org/

`--..__)8888P`._.' jgs/a:f - www.analog.com/blackfin

Have a lot of fun...

BusyBox v1.16.2 (2011-08-03 18:17:16 EDT) hush - the humble shell

root:/> cat /proc/m

/proc/maps /proc/misc /proc/mounts

/proc/meminfo /proc/modules /proc/mtd

root:/> cat /proc/mtd

dev: size erasesize name

mtd0: 00400000 00080000 "linux kernel(nand)"

mtd1: 7fc00000 00080000 "file system(nand)"

root:/>

And here are the nandtest results:

root:/> nandtest -p 10 /dev/mtd0

ECC corrections: 0

ECC failures : 0

Bad blocks : 0

BBT blocks : 0

00380000: checking...

Finished pass 1 successfully

00380000: checking...

Finished pass 2 successfully

00380000: checking...

Finished pass 3 successfully

00380000: checking...

Finished pass 4 successfully

00380000: checking...

Finished pass 5 successfully

00380000: checking...

Finished pass 6 successfully

00380000: checking...

Finished pass 7 successfully

00380000: checking...

Finished pass 8 successfully

00380000: checking...

Finished pass 9 successfully

00380000: checking...

Finished pass 10 successfully

root:/>

Thanks for the help,

Dave

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2011-08-08 22:29:39 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

Aaron Wu (CHINA)

Message: 102858

Then I think you should check the options for you mtdtools, like add a -p for your nandwrite for page alignment.

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2011-08-09 05:08:13 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

Gilles Ganault (FRANCE)

Message: 102861

Dave > I've looked through the source code for the nandwrite command and it seems like this error again has something to do with the not page aligned data, but I can not figure out how to fix this issue.

I don't have the technical knowledge to tell if your problem is due to this, but a uClinux-dist-based project uses an application ("zeropad") to massage the image before flashing the NAND with it. Here's the thread that I started to inquire about that application.

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2011-08-09 08:58:02 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

David Anderson (UNITED STATES)

Message: 102867

Where might I find this zeropad application? Is that something that is usually included in the uClinux-dist? I'll play around with it some more today and see how it goes.

Thanks,

Dave

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2011-08-09 23:10:42 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

Aaron Wu (CHINA)

Message: 102871

First, when you use mtd tools like nandwrite, have you tried my suggestion to add a -p option for page alignment? Second, dd a uImage to the NAND device does not make any sense in real application, of course if it's only for raw data read/write test it's OK, suggest you to build a Flash file system like jffs2 or UBIFS on your NAND MTD device. Please search keyword "jffs2" or "UBIFS" in our document wiki for details.

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2011-08-10 10:37:44 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

David Anderson (UNITED STATES)

Message: 102883

I have tried the -p option like you suggested and I still get the same error [Unknown flash (not normal nand)]. One thing I was wondering about is that when I looked at the source code for the nandwrite command, that error seems to be caused by checking to see if the device is page aligned. Is it possible that the command just can't work with the NAND as is?? I'm fairly new to this stuff so I'm not really sure if that is even a valid concern.

I will look into the jffs2 stuff to see if I can get something like that working. Thanks for your help.

-Dave

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2011-08-10 10:47:41 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

David Anderson (UNITED STATES)

Message: 102884

Is there a reason you recommended jffs2 or UBIFS over yaffs or is it just personal preference? When I was looking into the jffs2 stuff, some of the articles I came across mention yaffs as being better than jffs2 at the moment. Is there any reason I would not want to use yaffs in this particular situation??

Thanks again,

Dave

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2011-08-10 23:06:25 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

Aaron Wu (CHINA)

Message: 102889

Yaffs is no longer support by blackfin uclinux distribution, you can choose either jffs2 or UBIFS. For official support and feature list of this two you may consult: www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/doc/general.html

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2011-08-15 11:09:17 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

David Anderson (UNITED STATES)

Message: 102933

I've looked into using jffs2 and it seemed like that is exactly what I would like to use, but after I configure the kernel to use it I get an error when I try to make the kernel image. The error I get is:

error: lzo/lzo1x.h: No such file or directory

I've talked to a couple people about this error and the only thing I could get was that it has something to do with compression. I've tried using all different kinds of compression from the advanced compression options and I still get the same error. Does anyone no and other kind of solution to this problem or what might be causing it?

Thanks,

David Anderson

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2011-08-15 23:18:09 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

Aaron Wu (CHINA)

Message: 102935

Could you sart a new help thread for your compile issue? Also please post your whole log error here.

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2011-08-16 15:02:57 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

James Kosin (UNITED STATES)

Message: 102947

David,

What kind of NAND flash are you using? I've experienced this error with the nandwrite utility also; but, patched my version to support the OOB mapping for my NAND.

In my case, we are using the Micron NAND flash and it is reporting different size for the OOB area and the nandwrite utility is compiled to abort with this error if not one of the standard sizes it recognizes.

at about line 291 (in nandwrite.c), there is a large if() statement that determines the valid configurations.

/* Make sure device page sizes are valid */

if (!(meminfo.oobsize == 16 && meminfo.writesize == 512) &&

!(meminfo.oobsize == 8 && meminfo.writesize == 256) &&

!(meminfo.oobsize == 64 && meminfo.writesize == 2048) &&

!(meminfo.oobsize == 128 && meminfo.writesize == 4096) &&

!(meminfo.oobsize == 218 && meminfo.writesize == 4096) &&

!(meminfo.oobsize == 224 && meminfo.writesize == 4096))

{

fprintf(stderr, "Unknown flash (not normal NAND)\n");

close(fd);

exit (EXIT_FAILURE);

}

I added the last two tests just for my NAND flash I'm using. You may have to do something similar.

James

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2011-08-16 17:51:20 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

David Anderson (UNITED STATES)

Message: 102950

That looks like it could solve my problem. I will have to try it out probably tomorrow to see what happens. And if that doesn't work I will start a new thread about my jffs2 problem.

Thanks guys,

David Anderson

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2011-08-18 13:11:26 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

James Kosin (UNITED STATES)

Message: 103004

David,

This error is due to the compiler dependancies that you haven't satisfied yet.

docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=installing_linux

This should fix the compiler issues, note: you may have to update some package names or remove some from the list. Debian has depracated and renamed some since the Wiki was last updated.

James

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2011-09-06 05:23:20 Re: having problems writing kernel to NAND flash

wuwei li (AFGHANISTAN)

Message: 103307

Hi:

Are you solved that problem ?

I have got the same problem now ,

as:

Open the mtd_device in nandwrite

get the device info!

mtd info: