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SigmaDSP Processors and SigmaStudio Development Tool
  • Processors and DSP
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SigmaDSP Processors and SigmaStudio Development Tool
Documents How many instructions can be executed per sample in SigmaDSP?
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SigmaDSP Processors and SigmaStudio Development Tool requires membership for participation - click to join
  • Documents
  • 96 kHz operation for ADAU1452 serial ports
  • ADAU1701 Input and Output Signal Routing
  • ADAU1701: ADC resistor values for higher sample rates
  • Booting a SigmaDSP from a microcontroller with no C compiler
  • Calculating Filter Coefficients to Store in a Microcontroller
  • Can ADI provide or support the USB interface firmware code for my self-assembled PCB or end product?
  • Can ADI provide or support the USB interface firmware code for my self-assembled PCB or end product? - 2
  • Can I program multiple SigmaDSPs in parallel using one USBi?
  • Can I use SigmaDSP to decode MP3/WAV/AAC?
  • Can SigmaDSP do frequency-domain processing like FFT or pitch shift?
  • Can the ADAU1772 be used with a TDM output stream that has an odd number of channels?
  • Compressor Table Format - Changing compressors at run-time
  • Creating a delay after startup
  • Creating a simple balance crossfade control
  • E2PROM Selfboot problem
  • Empty Cells
  • EVAL-ADAU144XEBZ Evaluation Board Schematics
  • EVAL-ADAU1781Z GPIO Mapping in SigmaStudio
  • EVAL-ADAU1781Z GPIO Mapping in SigmaStudio - 2
  • Example Project: Using the Stopwatch to Count Successive Samples over a Threshold
  • Excluding Cells from the Exported System Files
  • FAQ: After downloading self-boot code to my target EEPROM, my USBi isn't recognized anymore by my computer. What's wrong and how do I fix it?
  • FAQ: Can I write C or assembly code for SigmaDSP in SigmaStudio?
  • FAQ: Can we bundle SigmaStudio with our product design?
  • FAQ: Developing custom algorithms and/or using 3rd party algorithms
  • FAQ: How can I change parameters on-the-fly in an application without SigmaStudio?
  • FAQ: How can I estimate MIPS/Memory resource on SigmaDSP?
  • FAQ: How do I change the sample rate of my SigmaStudio system?
  • FAQ: What operating systems are supported to run SigmaStudio?
  • FAQ: What types of capacitors are good to use in the analog audio signal path?
  • FAQ: Where can I send my questions I don't want to post in a public forum?
  • FAQ: Why can't I control any of the knobs or sliders in my SigmaStudio project?
  • FAQ:  Can I have multiple versions of SigmaStudio installed simultaneously?
  • FAQ:  Where can I download SigmaStudio?
  • FAQ:  Where can I find a description of the changes made in the latest version of SigmaStudio?
  • FAQ:  Which SigmaDSP ICs support selfbooting from an EEPROM?
  • FAQ:  Why isn't a software/documentation CD included with my evaluation board?
  • How are the audio inputs routed in SigmaStudio's Input cell?
  • How do I create the microcontroller code to interface to my SigmaDSP?
  • How do I execute a software safeload write?
  • How do I implement external volume control using GPIOs or Aux ADCs?
  • How do I report a SigmaStudio bug?
  • How do I start a timer after power-on, or when the input signal goes away?
  • How do I use a GPIO button to select different audio processing paths?
  • How many instructions can be executed per sample in SigmaDSP?
  • How to avoid distortion or clipping on the ADC inputs for the ADAU144x evaluation board
  • How to avoid distortion or clipping on the ADC inputs for the ADAU144x evaluation board - 2
  • How to calculate index table values in 28.0 format
  • How to create a crossover with more than 3 bands
  • How to self-boot the EVAL-ADAU1401AEBZ (evaluation board for ADAU1701, ADAU1702, and ADAU1401A)
  • How to self-boot the EVAL-ADAU1701MINIZ (evaluation board for ADAU1701, ADAU1702, and ADAU1401A)
  • Implementing Safeload Writes on the ADAU1701
  • Memory requirements for booting a SigmaDSP with a microcontroller
  • Monitoring average and instantaneous signal levels
  • My 2IN4OUT Proto with SPDIF based on ADAU1701
  • My IIR filter is outputting a value, even when the input goes to zero. Is this a bug?
  • New Sigma300 Family Products:  ADAU1451 & ADAU1450
  • New SigmaStudio 3.3 Beta Version Available
  • New SigmaStudio Download Site
  • Peak Full Range Compressor
  • Playing audio samples in SigmaDSP
  • Preserving "Ear-candy" in a mono mix
  • Problems with Push Button Volume w/Mute module
  • Setting the PLL mode for the ADAU1701 at different sample rates
  • Sigma 300 (ADAU145x) Exponential Slewing
  • SigmaDSP PCB Layout Best Practices
  • SigmaDSP Products and Evaluation Boards - ROHS and REACH Compliance
  • SigmaStudio 3.4 Released
  • SigmaStudio consulting services...
  • Slow rate random number generator
  • Stimulus-Probe Capability and Limitations
  • Testing USB communications between the PC and SigmaDSP
  • The ADAU1372 is not on the list of compatible processors or under Processors/DSPs on Sigmastudio 3.11.1 or 3.11. Can you please tell me how I can use the EVAL board with ADAU1372?
  • Third Party Algorithm Plugins in SigmaStudio
  • Thoughts on using index selectable filters...
  • True peak-to-peak detection in SigmaStudio
  • Truncating bits using bitwise logic
  • Updated self-boot EEPROM image generation / download
  • Updating SigmaDSP Parameter with a Microcontroller
  • Using compressors to avoid output clipping
  • Using hardware data capture (trap) registers with the DSP Readback cell (AD1940, ADAU1701)
  • Using stopwatch with feedback loop to create periodic test signal
  • Using the ADAU145x's Slew Ext Volume Block
  • Using the DSP Control mode of the ADAU1761 PGA / ALC
  • Using two SigmaDSP evaluation boards simultaneously with one USBi board
  • Welcome to the SIGMADSP Processors and SIGMASTUDIO Development tool community
  • What are the mute ramp times in the AD193x codecs?
  • What are the number formats for SigmaDSP?
  • What is the step size for audio delay in a SigmaDSP?
  • When should I use single precision or double precision filters?
  • Where can I buy a SigmaDSP Evaluation Board or USBi (EVAL-ADUSB2EBZ)?
  • Which SPI Mode is used by SigmaDSP Devices?
  • Workaround: Creating constant-dB envelope decay using an existing linear decay algorithm
  • [bug report] False frequency response displayed in a parametric equalizer window for an IIR coefficient filter
  • [Tutorial] Using Hierarchy Boards to create re-usable code

How many instructions can be executed per sample in SigmaDSP?

Calculating IPS (Instructions Per Sample)

The number of instructions that can be executed per sample depends on three things:

  • The core frequency of the SigmaDSP you are using (as you have it configured in your system)
  • The size of the program memory of the SigmaDSP you are using
  • The audio sample rate of your system

The simple equation to calculate the number of instructions that can be execute per sample is:

Instructions per sample = Core frequency of DSP / Audio sample rate

Typically, IPS (instructions per sample) must be less than or equal to the size (in words) of program memory. The reason for this is that all of the instruction codes need to be stored in program memory.

However, the ADAU1781 is a special case because it has a a relatively small program memory (512 words) but it can execute up to 1024 instructions per sample at a 48 kHz sample rate. So, in order to use more than 512 instructions per sample in the ADAU1781, algorithms utilizing subroutines are required. These are generally referred to as "optimized" algorithms in SigmaStudio, because they use fewer program memory words than the number of instructions they execute.

Table of SigmaDSPs and corresponding IPS at different sample rates

Here is a table showing the IPS for each SigmaDSP product at different sample rates.

Product Maximum DSP core frequency (MHz) IPS @ 48 kHz*** IPS @ 96 kHz*** IPS @ 192 kHz***
AD1953 24.576 512 - -
AD1954 24.576 512 - -
AD1940 73.728 1536 768 384
AD1941 73.728 1536 768 384
ADAU1701 49.152 1024 512 256
ADAU1702 24.576 512 256 128
ADAU1401A 49.152 1024 512 256
ADAU1761 49.152 1024 512 -
ADAU1461 49.152 1024 512 -
ADAU1781 49.152 1024* 512 -
ADAU1442 172.032 3584 1792 896
ADAU1445 172.032 3584 1792 896
ADAU1446 172.032 3584 1792 896
ADAU1772 N/A** - - 32

* The ADAU1781 can execute 1024 instructions per sample at 48 kHz, but its program memory only holds 512 instruction codes

** The ADAU1772 does not technically have a SigmaDSP core, but rather a filter engine, which always runs at 192 kHz

*** "IPS @48 kHz" means "Instructions per sample at normal 48 kHz sample rates or lower, depending on the master clock frequency."

"IPS @96 kHz" means "Instructions per sample at double-rate 96 kHz sample rates or lower, depending on the master clock frequency."

"IPS @192 kHz" means "Instructions per sample at quad-rate 192 kHz sample rates or lower, depending on the master clock frequency."

Checking the number of instructions used in a SigmaStudio project

The number of instructions per sample required by a given project can be found in the compiler_output.txt file that is generated after the Link-Compile-Download or Link-Compile-Connect functions are executed. The compiler_output.txt file can be found in a subfolder where the project file is stored on the hard drive.

The path is typically: Project Folder / IC #_Project Name / net_list_out2

Here is an example with the AD1940:

The compiler_output.txt file contains different information depending on the SigmaDSP used, but the important number to note is the one labeled Instructions or MIPS:

In the example above (using the AD1940), you can see that 23 instructions (the highlighted number) are being used in the project. This is within the limit of 1536 IPS @ 48 kHz, 768 IPS @ 96 kHz, and 384 IPS @ 192 kHz, so this project could run at any sample rate.

Important! Note that the compiler does not have knowledge of the sample rate, so you have to check to make sure the number of instructions is within the allowed limit.

For newer SigmaDSPs (ADAU1761, ADAU1781, ADAU144x family...), you can view the number of instructions used directly within SigmaStudio.

Go to View - Output, or press Ctrl+4 to see the Output window.

The output window will be blank until you compile the project.

Once you compile the project, you will see a detailed listing of the algorithms used, and the total instructions required by the project. This example uses an ADAU1761.

Note that 667 instructions are being used in this project. If you refer to the table earlier in this FAQ, we can see that the ADAU1761 can execute 1024 IPS @ 48 kHz, but only 512 IPS @ 96 kHz. Therefore, this project will run at a 48 kHz sample rate, but it will not run at 96 kHz.

Errors due to over-sized programs in systems with 96 kHz or 192 kHz sample rates

So, it is important to check the compiler output in order to make sure that the required number of instructions will fit what is available in the DSP for your desired sample rate. If you attempt to run a program that is outside of the allowable bounds, then errors will occur.

For example, if an ADAU1761 was set up to run at 96 kHz and the program shown above was downloaded to it (with 667 instructions), then the effective rate of the system would be cut in half, since only every other sample would be processed by the DSP (with alternating samples being ignored entirely). This would have the effect of cutting the bandwidth in half, and also shifting the frequency of every frequency-dependent algorithm in the DSP by a factor of 2. In order to run this example program correctly, the user would need to lower the sample rate down to 48 kHz so the full 667 instructions could be executed within the span of a single audio frame.

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