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Documents How should the FORCE2 pin of the MAX31865 be connected when operating in a 2 or 4 wire RTD configuration?
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Products Mentioned

MAX31865 Production
The MAX31865 is an easy-to-use resistance-to-digital converter optimized for platinum resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). An external resistor sets...
Datasheet
MAX31865 on Analog.com

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    • Can MAX31865 SPI interface be used in daisy chain?
    • Can the MAX31865 operate with RTD sensors other than PT-100 to PT-1000, for example a Ni-120?
    • Capacitor Value for MAX31865
    • How should the FORCE2 pin of the MAX31865 be connected when operating in a 2 or 4 wire RTD configuration?
    • MAX31865 does not generate any output voltage at its bias pin even though it should be 2.0V under normal operation. From the typical application circuits, there should be valid Vbias with 3.3V power supply and GND properly connected. What might be the reas
    • What are the recommended values of C1 in the MAX31865 typical application circuit?
    • When using PT100, can I use a resistor with a value slightly different from 400 ohm (e.g 402 ohms) for external reference resistor of the MAX31865?
    • Why is RTD DATA REG not consistent with the ADC code value in table 9 of the datasheet of the MAX31865 (Rev 3 7/15)?
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How should the FORCE2 pin of the MAX31865 be connected when operating in a 2 or 4 wire RTD configuration?

The FORCE2 pin is not used in 2 and 4 wire modes, and does not connect to the internal ADC (indicated by a dotted line in the Block Diagram on page 8 of the datasheet). However, we do not want to let an input float (ie, be unconnected). If left unconnected (floating) there is a chance that the voltage on an unconnected FORCE2 pin could exceed the high voltage threshold (ie, > VCC) and cause the MAX31865 to think there is a high voltage issue, and open the protection gates to the RTD pins (the over/under voltage protection circuit). To prevent the floating condition, we state that FORCE2 should be connected to GND if not used when in 2 and 4 wire configurations.

However, in the MAX31865 evaluation kit, we have FORCE+ connected directly to FORCE2. This is required for 3 wire configurations. We set bit D4 = 1 in the configuration register to enable the ADC to read the voltage on FORCE2 to determine the IR loss on that leg of the RTD cable. When D4 is set to 0 (for 2 and 4 wire modes), FORCE2 is no longer connected to the internal ADC, so we don't take a measurement of the voltage on the FORCE2 pin. So if we have FORCE2 connected to FORCE+, that is ok since we aren't converting the voltage on FORCE2 or using it to adjust for IR cable drops in 2 and 4 wire modes.

While we recommend FORCE2 be connected to GND in 2 and 4 wire modes, it is actually ok to have a voltage on FORCE2 that does not exceed VCC or GND. We just want a stable potential on FORCE2 so it doesn't float.  So applying the FORCE+ voltage to FORCE2 in 2 and 4 wire modes is fine since we are not monitoring the voltage on FORCE2 (D4 bit = 0). We just do not want FORCE2 to be left unconnected.
Tags: MAX31865AAP+ Digital Temperature Sensors 000094510 Integrated/Special Purpose A/D Converters MAX31865
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