Analog.com Analog Dialogue Wiki English 简体中文 日本語
$EngineerZone
EngineerZone
  • Log In
  • Site
  • Search
  • User
  • Forums

    Popular Forums

    • RF and Microwave
    • Power Management
    • Video
    • FPGA Reference Designs
    • Precision ADCs
    • Linux Software Drivers
    • SigmaDSP Processors & SigmaStudio Dev. Tool

    Product Forums

    • A2B
    • Amplifiers
    • Analog Microcontrollers
    • Clock and Timing
    • Data Converters
    • Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS)
    • Energy Monitoring and Metering
    • Interface and Isolation
    • MEMS Inertial Sensors
    • Processors and DSP
    • Switches/Multiplexers
    • Temperature Sensors
    • Voltage References
    View All

    Application Forums

    • Audio
    • Automated Test Equipment (ATE)
    • Condition-Based Monitoring
    • Depth, Perception & Ranging Technologies
    • Embedded Vision Sensing Library
    • Motor Control Hardware Platforms
    • Optical Sensing
    • Precision Technology Signal Chains Library
    • Video
    • Wireless Sensor Networks Reference Library

    Design Center Forums

    • ACE Evaluation Software
    • ADEF System Platforms
    • Design Tools and Calculators
    • FPGA Reference Designs
    • Linux Software Drivers
    • Microcontroller no-OS Drivers
    • Reference Designs
    • Signal Chain Power (SCP)
    • Software Interface Tools
    • System Demonstration Platform (SDP) Support
  • Learn

    Highlighted Webinar

    Multi-Channel Development Platform Enables Direct Sampling for C- X- and Ku-Band Digital Beamforming Applications

    Recent Discussions

    • ADALM-2000 SET A STATIC IP
    • Error in compiling program using libad9361 and libiio
    • Inconsistent receiver power between 2 transmissions of the same signal
    • DMA (from PS to PL) unexpected behavior
    • ADALM-PLUTO firmware upgrade crash

    Places

    • ADI Education Home
    • ADI Webinars
    • StudentZone (Analog Dialogue)
    • Video Annex
    • Virtual Classroom

    Latest Webinars

    • Multi-Channel Development Platform Enables Direct Sampling for C- X- and Ku-Band Digital Beamforming Applications
    • Digital Isolator Working Voltage Considerations for End Application Optimization
    • In-vehicle Networking Simplified with 10BASE-T1S
    • Design of Multi-Band Phased Array Systems for Space Applications
    • Designing Optimized Power Solutions for Precision Signal Chains (2023)
    View All Webinars
  • Community Hub

    Challenge Yourself!

      KCC's Quizzes AQQ248 about a funny function
    View All

    Places

    • Community Help
    • Logic Lounge
    • The Weekly Brew

    Resources

    • EZ Code of Conduct
    • EZ How To Help Articles
    • Getting Started Guide
    • ADI: Words Matter
    • Community Help Videos
    View All
  • Blogs

    Highlighted Blogs

    EngineerConnect Webinar Expedition Extended

     

    LTspice®︎: Bench-level System Evaluation Without the Hassle

    Latest Blogs

    • Rediscovering Signal Chain µModule®︎
    • Why AI Assisted/Enabled Buildings Need Intelligent Edge Devices
    • Mastering Precision: A Guide to Setup Your Laboratory for IPn Measurement
    • A Visit to the EMC Lab: Radiated Vs. Conducted Emissions and Immunity
    • Finally, Batteries You Can Believe
    Read All Blogs

    ADI Blogs

    • EZ Spotlight
    • The Engineering Mind
  • Partners

    Electronic Design Services - PartnerZone

    • Boston Engineering
    • Calian, Advanced Technologies
    • Colorado Engineering Inc. (DBA CAES AT&E)
    • Clockworks Signal Processing
    • Epiq Solutions
    • Fidus
    • PalmSens
    • Richardson RFPD
    • Tri-Star Design, Inc.
    • VadaTech
    • Vanteon
    • X-Microwave
    View All
Amplifiers
Amplifiers
Documents half-cell potential
  • Forums
  • Video/Images
  • Members
  • Tags
  • More
  • Cancel
  • +Documents
  • Tags List Amplifiers
  • +General Information: FAQ
  • +AD59: FAQ
  • +AD202: FAQ
  • +AD203: FAQ
  • +AD210: FAQ
  • +AD215:FAQ
  • +AD22100: FAQ
  • +AD22151: FAQ
  • +AD22151G: FAQ
  • +AD594: FAQ
  • +AD600: FAQ
  • +AD603: FAQ
  • +AD604: FAQ
  • +AD605: FAQ
  • +AD608: FAQ
  • +AD620: FAQ
  • +AD621: FAQ
  • +AD623: FAQ
  • +AD623BRZ: FAQ
  • +AD626: FAQ
  • +AD628: FAQ
  • +AD629: FAQ
  • +AD630: FAQ
  • +AD632: FAQ
  • +AD633: FAQ
  • +AD636: FAQ
  • +AD637: FAQ
  • +AD664: FAQ
  • +AD734: FAQ
  • +AD7357BCPZ: FAQ
  • +AD736: FAQ
  • +AD811: FAQ
  • +AD817: FAQ
  • +AD822: FAQ
  • +AD823: FAQ
  • +AD825: FAQ
  • +AD829: FAQ
  • +AD846: FAQ
  • +AD855: FAQ
  • +AD8002: FAQ
  • +AD8005: FAQ
  • +AD80066: FAQ
  • +AD8009: FAQ
  • +AD8012: FAQ
  • +AD8015: FAQ
  • +AD8016: FAQ
  • +AD8019: FAQ
  • +AD8033: FAQ
  • +AD8036: FAQ
  • +AD8039: FAQ
  • +AD8041: FAQ
  • +AD8041S: FAQ
  • +AD8042: FAQ
  • +AD8045: FAQ
  • +AD8061: FAQ
  • +AD8066: FAQ
  • +AD8074: FAQ
  • +AD8075: FAQ
  • +AD8079: FAQ
  • +AD8105: FAQ
  • +AD8108: FAQ
  • +AD8111: FAQ
  • +AD8112: FAQ
  • +AD8113: FAQ
  • +AD8114: FAQ
  • +AD8128: FAQ
  • +AD8129: FAQ
  • +AD8130: FAQ
  • +AD8131: FAQ
  • +AD8132: FAQ
  • +AD8134: FAQ
  • +AD8137: FAQ
  • +AD8138: FAQ
  • +AD8138S: FAQ
  • +AD8139: FAQ
  • +AD8145: FAQ
  • +AD8174: FAQ
  • +AD8185: FAQ
  • +AD8191: FAQ
  • +AD8195: FAQ
  • +AD8207: FAQ
  • +AD8208: FAQ
  • +AD8210: FAQ
  • +AD8211: FAQ
  • +AD8214: FAQ
  • +AD8217: FAQ
  • +AD8218: FAQ
  • +AD8220: FAQ
  • +AD8221: FAQ
  • +AD8225: FAQ
  • +AD8227: FAQ
  • +AD8230: FAQ
  • +AD8231: FAQ
  • -AD8232: FAQ
    • What is Analog Devices AD8232?
    • AD8232 to build a multi-lead diagnosis-quality ECG equipment
    • AD8232 an AC-coupled or a DC-coupled solution
    • benefit of the Fast Restore feature
    • biopotential measurement
    • Filter Requirements for AD8232
    • half-cell potential
    • Howto get back to speed with the filter design skills?
    • The AD8232 is advertised as a single lead solution. What does it mean?
    • Use of right leg drive amplifier
    • What is Analog Devices´ AD8232?
  • +AD8237: FAQ
  • +AD8253: FAQ
  • +AD8265: FAQ
  • +AD8283: FAQ
  • +AD8295: FAQ
  • +AD8302: FAQ
  • +AD8304: FAQ
  • +AD8305: FAQ
  • +AD8306: FAQ
  • +AD8307: FAQ
  • +AD8309: FAQ
  • +AD8310: FAQ
  • +AD8314: FAQ
  • +AD8318: FAQ
  • +AD8319: FAQ
  • +AD8321: FAQ
  • +AD8324: FAQ
  • +AD8328: FAQ
  • +AD8330: FAQ
  • +AD8331: FAQ
  • +AD8332: FAQ
  • +AD8333: FAQ
  • +AD8334: FAQ
  • +AD8336: FAQ
  • +AD8337: FAQ
  • +AD8338: FAQ
  • +AD8339: FAQ
  • +AD8397: FAQ
  • +AD8421: FAQ
  • +AD8422: FAQ
  • +AD8428: FAQ
  • +AD8476: FAQ
  • +AD8495: FAQ
  • +AD8500: FAQ
  • +AD8515: FAQ
  • +AD8519: FAQ
  • +AD8532: FAQ
  • +AD8538: FAQ
  • +AD8541: FAQ
  • +AD8551: FAQ
  • +AD8552: FAQ
  • +AD8555: FAQ
  • +AD8556: FAQ
  • +AD8557: FAQ
  • +AD8561: FAQ
  • +AD8564: FAQ
  • +AD8567: FAQ
  • +AD8592: FAQ
  • +AD8597: FAQ
  • +AD8602: FAQ
  • +AD8605: FAQ
  • +AD8606: FAQ
  • +AD8608: FAQ
  • +AD8610: FAQ
  • +AD8611: FAQ
  • +AD8622: FAQ
  • +AD8624ARUZ: FAQ
  • +AD8628: FAQ
  • +AD8629: FAQ
  • +AD8638: FAQ
  • +AD8643ACPZ: FAQ
  • +AD8646: FAQ
  • +AD8648: FAQ
  • +AD8655: FAQ
  • +AD8661: FAQ
  • +AD8662: FAQ
  • +AD8666: FAQ
  • +AD8674: FAQ
  • +AD8675: FAQ
  • +AD8677: FAQ
  • +AD8682: FAQ
  • +AD9101: FAQ
  • +AD9257: FAQ
  • +ADA4000-2: FAQ
  • +ADA4004: FAQ
  • +ADA4077-2: FAQ
  • +ADA4096: FAQ
  • +ADA4096-2: FAQ
  • +ADA4302-4: FAQ
  • +ADA4350: FAQ
  • +ADA4411: FAQ
  • +ADA4500-2: FAQ
  • +ADA4528: FAQ
  • +ADA4528-X: FAQ
  • +ADA4637-1: FAQ
  • +ADA4661-2: FAQ
  • +ADA4666-2: FAQ
  • +ADA4807: FAQ
  • +ADA4807-2: FAQ
  • +ADA4817: FAQ
  • +ADA4895: FAQ
  • +ADA4897: FAQ
  • +ADA4897-1: FAQ
  • +ADA4898-2: FAQ
  • +ADA4899-1: FAQ
  • +ADA4922-1: FAQ
  • +ADA4927: FAQ
  • +ADA4930: FAQ
  • +ADA4938-1: FAQ
  • +ADA4940-1:FAQ
  • +ADA4941-1: FAQ
  • +ADA4950-1: FAQ
  • +ADA4960-1: FAQ
  • +ADCMP341: FAQ
  • +ADCMP343: FAQ
  • +ADCMP552: FAQ
  • +ADCMP553BRM: FAQ
  • +ADCMP566: FAQ
  • +ADCMP572: FAQ
  • +ADCMP573: FAQ
  • +ADCMP580: FAQ
  • +ADCMP600: FAQ
  • +ADCMP602: FAQ
  • +ADCMP609: FAQ
  • +EVAL-FW-BPDF1: FAQ
  • +EVAL-PRAOPAMP: FAQ
  • +MAT01: FAQ
  • +MAT02: FAQ
  • +Mat12: FAQ
  • +MAT14: FAQ
  • +OP07: FAQ
  • +OP1177: FAQ
  • +OP16: FAQ
  • +OP184: FAQ
  • +OP2177: FAQ
  • +OP279: FAQ
  • +OP27AZ: FAQ
  • +OP281: FAQ
  • +OP284: FAQ
  • +OP285: FAQ
  • +OP290: FAQ
  • +OP293: FAQ
  • +OP295GS: FAQ
  • +OP297GSZ: FAQ
  • +OP37: FAQ
  • +OP400S: FAQ
  • +OP4177: FAQ
  • +OP484AM: FAQ
  • +OP484S: FAQ
  • +OP497: FAQ
  • +OP90: FAQ
  • +OP97: FAQ
  • +Opamps: FAQ
  • +OPx177: FAQ
  • +REF01: FAQ
  • +REF02: FAQ
  • +REF02A: FAQ
  • +REF193: FAQ
  • +REF195: FAQ
  • +REF198: FAQ
  • +REF43NBC: FAQ
  • +Right Leg Drive (RLD): FAQ
  • +SFP-RDK: FAQ
  • +SPICE: FAQ
  • +UG-084: FAQ
  • +VGAs: FAQ
  • AD202JY: FAQ
  • AD22057: FAQ
  • +AD524: FAQ
  • +AD549: FAQ
  • +AD5522: FAQ
  • +AD5560: FAQ
  • +AD5750: FAQ
  • +AD598: FAQ
  • +AD693: FAQ
  • +AD694: FAQ
  • +AD698: FAQ
  • +AD711: FAQ
  • +AD713: FAQ
  • +AD797: FAQ
  • AD8001: FAQ
  • +AD8021: FAQ
  • +AD8099: FAQ
  • +AD8222: FAQ
  • +AD8350: FAQ
  • +AD8351: FAQ
  • +AD8352: FAQ
  • +AD8354: FAQ
  • +AD8367: FAQ
  • +AD8368: FAQ
  • +AD8369: FAQ
  • +AD8370: FAQ
  • +AD8376: FAQ
  • +AD8417: FAQ
  • +AD8426: FAQ
  • +AD8553: FAQ
  • +AD8676: FAQ
  • ADA4004-1: FAQ
  • +ADA4505-2: FAQ
  • ADA4528-1: FAQ
  • ADA4528-2: FAQ
  • +ADA4530-1: FAQ
  • +ADA4622-2: FAQ
  • +ADA4806-1: FAQ
  • +ADA4891-1: FAQ
  • ADA4895-2: FAQ
  • ADA4896-2: FAQ
  • ADA4927-1: FAQ
  • ADA4927-2: FAQ
  • ADA4930-1: FAQ
  • +ADA8282: FAQ
  • +ADATE304: FAQ
  • +ADATE318: FAQ
  • +ADL5243: FAQ
  • +ADL5303: FAQ
  • +ADL5310: FAQ
  • +ADL5320: FAQ
  • +ADL5324: FAQ
  • +ADL5330: FAQ
  • +ADL5331: FAQ
  • +ADL5523: FAQ
  • +ADL5530: FAQ
  • +ADL5544: FAQ
  • +ADL5545: FAQ
  • +ADL5561: FAQ
  • +ADL5565: FAQ
  • +ADL5601: FAQ
  • +ADL5610: FAQ
  • +ADM4073T: FAQ
  • +ADN2820: FAQ
  • +ADN2880: FAQ
  • +ADRF6510: FAQ
  • +ADRF6516: FAQ
  • +ADRF6518: FAQ
  • +ADUM3190: FAQ
  • +ADUM4190: FAQ
  • +HMC1082: FAQ
  • +HMC3587LP3BE: FAQ
  • +HMC441LC3B: FAQ
  • +HMC7590: FAQ
  • +HMC788A: FAQ
  • +HMC8325: FAQ
  • +HMC8411: FAQ
  • +HMC960: FAQ
  • +MAX12900: FAQ
  • +MAX12900AATJ+: FAQ
  • +MAX12900A_TJ+_A1: FAQ
  • MAX1452: FAQ
  • +MAX1452AAE+: FAQ
  • +MAX1452EVKIT-NS: FAQ
  • +MAX1454: FAQ
  • +MAX1454AUE+: FAQ
  • +MAX15500GTJ+: FAQ
  • +MAX2090: FAQ
  • +MAX2180AETG/V+: FAQ
  • MAX2235: FAQ
  • +MAX2235EUP+: FAQ
  • +MAX2235EVKIT+: FAQ
  • +MAX2601ESA+: FAQ
  • +MAX2614ETA+: FAQ
  • +MAX2616: FAQ
  • +MAX2640AUT+: FAQ
  • +MAX2641EUT+: FAQ
  • +MAX2650: FAQ
  • +MAX2659ELT+: FAQ
  • +MAX2674: FAQ
  • +MAX2674EWT+: FAQ
  • +MAX2674EWT+T: FAQ
  • +MAX2678GTB/V+: FAQ
  • +MAX2679BENS+: FAQ
  • +MAX2692: FAQ
  • +MAX2693LEWS+T: FAQ
  • +MAX34407: FAQ
  • +MAX34409ETE+: FAQ
  • +MAX3658AE/D: FAQ
  • MAX3658AETA+: FAQ
  • +MAX3658AETA+T: FAQ
  • +MAX3658AEVKIT: FAQ
  • +MAX3806GTC+: FAQ
  • +MAX40007: FAQ
  • +MAX40007ANT+: FAQ
  • +MAX40018ANA+: FAQ
  • +MAX40056FAUA+: FAQ
  • +MAX40056FAUA/V+: FAQ
  • +MAX40080ANC+: FAQ
  • +MAX40088: FAQ
  • +MAX40213EVKIT#: FAQ
  • +MAX40658: FAQ
  • +MAX40658ETA+: FAQ
  • +MAX40658_/D+_A1: FAQ
  • +MAX40660ATB/VY+: FAQ
  • +MAX40661_TB/VY+_A1: FAQ
  • +MAX4070ATA+: FAQ
  • +MAX4071ATA+: FAQ
  • +MAX4073FAUT+T: FAQ
  • +MAX4080SASA+: FAQ
  • +MAX4080TASA+T: FAQ
  • +MAX4081FASA+: FAQ
  • +MAX4081FASA: FAQ
  • +MAX4166: FAQ
  • +MAX4172: FAQ
  • +MAX4172ESA+: FAQ
  • +MAX4194ESA+: FAQ
  • +MAX4195ESA+: FAQ
  • +MAX4206ETE(16-PIN TQFN 4MMX4MM): FAQ
  • +MAX4206EVKIT+: FAQ
  • +MAX4227: FAQ
  • +MAX4233AUB+: FAQ
  • +MAX4238: FAQ
  • +MAX4291EXK+T: FAQ
  • +MAX4326EUA+T: FAQ
  • +MAX4372FEBT+: FAQ
  • +MAX4372FESA+: FAQ
  • +MAX4374EVKIT+: FAQ
  • +MAX4376F_UK_A1: FAQ
  • MAX44000: FAQ
  • +MAX44000GDT+: FAQ
  • +MAX44005EVKIT#_T1: FAQ
  • +MAX44006DBEVKIT#_T1: FAQ
  • +MAX44008: FAQ
  • MAX44009: FAQ
  • +MAX44009EDT+: FAQ
  • +MAX44009EDT+T: FAQ
  • +MAX44211: FAQ
  • MAX44243: FAQ
  • +MAX44243ASD+_T1: FAQ
  • +MAX44246: FAQ
  • +MAX44246ASA+: FAQ
  • +MAX44251AKA+: FAQ
  • +MAX44252ASD+: FAQ
  • +MAX44267AUD+: FAQ
  • +MAX44267EVKIT#: FAQ
  • +MAX44280AXT+T: FAQ
  • +MAX44284: FAQ
  • +MAX44284EAWT+: FAQ
  • +MAX44285FAUA+: FAQ
  • +MAX951: FAQ
  • +MAX9546: FAQ
  • +MAX9611AUB+: FAQ
  • +MAX9611A_UB+_A1: FAQ
  • +MAX9612: FAQ
  • +MAX9613AXT+: FAQ
  • +MAX9634FARS+: FAQ
  • +MAX9634TERS+T: FAQ
  • +MAX9634TEUK+: FAQ
  • +MAX9920: FAQ
  • +MAX9922: FAQ
  • +MAX9928: FAQ
  • +MAX9939: FAQ
  • +MAX9939AUB+T: FAQ
  • +MAX9943AUA+: FAQ
  • +MAX9944: FAQ
  • +MAX9959DCCQ+D: FAQ
  • +MAX9972ACCS+D: FAQ
  • +MAX9979CXG+C35: FAQ
  • +MAX9979KCTK+D: FAQ
  • +OP15S: FAQ
  • +OP77: FAQ
  • +PHY1095: FAQ
  • +PHY1097-03DS-WR: FAQ
  • +PHY1097: FAQ
  • +Precision Technology Learning Modules

half-cell potential

Q 

What is the “half-cell potential” and how does it affect the design of
biopotential measurement front-ends?

 

A 

Biopotential signals are small signals (mV or below) riding on top of a high
voltage level (V or hundreds of mV) at dc or near dc. This slow changing
component is due to what is known as the half-cell potential.

In quite a simplistic way, it could be said that this potential is created
where an electrode (where electrons flow) makes contact with skin or tissue
(where ions flow) and the concentration of charges changes. In other words,
there is a polarization of the skin-electrode interface.

What matters here is that this voltage depends on the material the electrodes
are made of.  For instance, the so common Ag-AgCl electrodes are specified at
+0.223V, silver electrodes +0.799V and gold electrodes +1.680V.

This voltage is the main factor that limits the gain of the first stage. A 5V
supply traditional analog front end could not even amplify by two the +1.680V
gold electrodes create. Without early amplification the noise introduced by
this first stage can be as high as the biopotential signal we are aim to
measure.

The AD8232 is fully specified to remove offsets up to ±300mV; its innovative
implementation allows the amplification of the input biopotential signal by a
factor of 100 without saturation of the output (please note the uncommitted
amplifier can add extra gain in next stage if required).

In many cases, ac-coupling is used to remove the offsets to increase the signal
amplification. Alternatively, dc-coupled signal paths can be used at the
expense of a higher resolution ADC.

  • ad8232
  • Share
  • History
  • More
  • Cancel
Related
Recommended
Social
Quick Links
  • About ADI
  • ADI Signals+
  • Analog Dialogue
  • Careers
  • Contact us
  • Investor Relations
  • News Room
  • Quality & Reliability
  • Sales & Distribution
  • Incubators
Languages
  • English
  • 简体中文
  • 日本語
myAnalog

Interested in the latest news and articles about ADI products, design tools, training and events?

Go to myAnalog
Analog Logo
©1995 - 2023 Analog Devices, Inc. All Rights Reserved
沪ICP备09046653号-1
  • Sitemap
  • Legal
  • Privacy & Security
  • Privacy Settings
  • Cookie Settings